Which term refers to substitution of one element for another?

• A. Asimilasyon
• B. Pag-aangkop
• C. Pagpapalit
• D. Ponema

Answer: (C)

Substitution is the act of replacing one element with another, and in Filipino that idea is captured by the term pagpapalit. This word directly denotes the act of replacement, which fits the concept of one element taking the place of another within a system, whether it’s a sound, letter, or morpheme. The other terms point to different notions: ponema refers to the basic unit itself (the sound), assimilation describes changes where a sound becomes more like a neighboring sound, and adaptation (pag-aangkop) covers adjusting things to fit a context. So the best fit for substitution of one element for another is pagpapalit.